Glossary

Weight of an empty vehicle or container without any passengers or loads.

The amount by which a motor, operating under rated conditions, is hotter than its surrounding ambient temperature.

These determine the temperature of certain parts of a motor, above the ambient temperature, while operating under specific environmental conditions.

Term set for the payment of the bill of exchange.

An international method to estimate the total toxicity of all dioxin-like compounds. This method evaluate the relative toxicity of 17 active dioxins and furans and compare it to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, the most active dioxin.

A loan you obtain for a specified length of time (the term is usually not greater than the useful life of the asset being financed) to purchase fixed assets like machinery, equipment and buildings, or to renovate premises.

The point at which the discharged air from an outlet decreases to a given speed, generally accepted as 50 feet per minute.

Air for combustion supplied to the furnace to supplement the primary and secondary air.

The quantity of air required for perfect combustion.

A unit of heat applied especially to gas. 1 therm = 100 000 Btu.

The efficiency of a boiler, based on the ratio of heat absorbed to total heat input. This does not include heat loss from the boiler shell.

Image which is given by an infrared radiation sensing system and represents the temperature distribution over a surface.

Property of a material or structure to absorb or to slowly release the heat flow according to the change of ambient conditions.

NOx formed at high temperature by the reaction of nitrogen present in combustion air.

A device, sensitive to current and heat, which protects the motor against overheating due to overload or failure to start. Basic types include automatic rest, manual reset and resistance temperature detectors.

(1) The transmission of heat through space by wave motion.

(2) The passage of heat from one object to another without warming the space between.

(3) Electromagnetic radiation emitted from a body as a consequence of its temperature, it consists essentially of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiations.

A conscious feeling commonly graded into the categories of cold, cool, slightly cool, neutral, slightly warm, warm and hot.

Stress produced in a body or in a material as a result of undergoing a sudden change in temperature (failure of metal due to expansion and contraction).

A device for measuring air flow rate. As hot wire anemometer but using a thermistor instead of resistance wire.

A pair of dissimilar conductors joined to produce a thermoelectric effect and used to accurately determine temperature. Thermocouples are used in laboratory testing of motors to determine the internal temperature of the motor winding.

Also called the Adiabatic Saturation Temperature - is that temperature at which water, by evaporating into the air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at the same temperature. The wet bulb temperature measured with an appropriate psychrometer can approach the thermodynamic wet bulb temperature.

(1) A visual representation of a detailed thermal image (of a building or part of a building) obtained from an infra-red camera.

(2) The trace produced by a thermograph.

A device that measures and records air temperature.

(1) Obtaining an image on a picture tube or I.R. photographic film using an infra-red camera.
(2) A method of indicating and representing the temperature distribution over a part of the envelope of a building.
(3) The process of converting the heat emitted from an object into a visible picture.
(4) Determination and representation of surface temperature distribution by measuring the infra-red radiation density from a surface, including interpretation of thermograms.

A device that measures and records simultaneously air temperature and relative humidity.

An instrument that measures temperature.

An organism which likes elevated temperature and heat.

An organism that grows optimally within the temperature range of 113°F to 140°F (45° to 60°C). It is usually bacteria.

An instrument which measures changes in temperature and directly or indirectly controls sources of heating and cooling to maintain a desired temperature.

A limit of an environmental condition to which persons may be exposed repeatedly without adverse effect.

Limit below which a stimulus ceases to be perceptible.

Single bill of lading (B/L) covering both the domestic and international carriage of an export shipment. An air waybill, for instance, is essentially a through bill of lading used for air shipments. Ocean shipments, on the other hand, usually require two separate documents - an inland bill of lading for domestic carriage and an ocean bill of lading for international carriage.

The distance measured in feet that the air stream travels from the outlet to the point of terminal velocity. The throw is measured horizontally from the registers and ceiling diffusers, and vertically from perimeter diffusers.

The measure used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to measure noise levels in the workplace. It is equal to a constant sound level lasting eight hours that would cause the same hearing damage as the variable noises that a worker is actually exposed to. (This hearing loss, of course, occurs over long-term exposures.) 

Term used in the specification of Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) to define the average concentration of a chemical to which it is permissible to expose a worker over a period of time, typically 8 hours.

Refers to concentrations of airborne toxic materials which have been weighted for a certain time duration, usually 8 hours.

Evidence of goods ownership such as the bill of lading issued by the carrier.

An occupational exposure level as compiled by the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

A time-weighted average concentration under which most people can work consistently for 8 hours a day, day after day, with no harmful effects. A table of these values and accompanying precautions is published annually by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

The maximum allowable deviation from a specified standard, as the range of variation permitted, expressed in actual values or more often as a percentage of the nominal value.

Hydrocarbon derived mainly from petroleum but also from coal. Sources of TNT, lacquers, saccharin, and many other chemicals.

Total of the internal volume or internal capacity of a ship.

The turning effort or force applied to a shaft. In physics, a torque (τ) is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis.
- Starting Torque: force produced by a motor as it begins to turn from standstill and accelerate. Sometimes called locked rotor torque.
- Full-Load Torque: the full-load torque is the torque required to produce the rated power of the electrical motor at full-load speed.
- Breakdown Torque: the maximum torque a motor will develop under increasing load conditions without an abrupt drop in speed and power. Sometimes called pull-out torque.

The total quantity of air supplied to the fuel and products of combustion. Percent total air is the ratio of total air to theoretical air, expressed as percent.

Total heat is the sum of the sensible heat and latent heat in an exchange process. In many cases, the addition or subtraction of latent and sensible heat at terminal coils appears simultaneously. Total heat also is called enthalpy, both of which can be defined as the quantity of heat energy contained in that substance.

The sum of sensible heat and latent heat.

In the theory of the flow of fluids, the total presure is the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure (or velocity pressure or impact pressure) at the point of measurement.

The weight of dissolved and suspended impurities in a unit weight of boiler water, usually expressed in ppm (parts per million).

The weight of particulates suspended in a unit of volume of air when collected by a high volume air sampler.

An international method to estimate the total toxicity of all dioxin-like compounds. This method evaluate the relative toxicity of 17 active dioxins and furans and compare it to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, the most active dioxin.

(1) The degree to which something or a substance is poisonous.
(2) A condition that results from exposure to a poison or to poisonous amounts of a substance that does not cause side effects in small amounts.

Producing a toxin.

A substance produced by a living organism that injures tissues or alters the functions of another organism.

Threads per inch.

A gas used with a detection device, to determine the rate of air interchange with a space.

A measure of the movement of air between two points (regions).

A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Common examples include microphones, loudspeakers, thermometers, position and pressure sensors, and antenna. Although not generally thought of as transducers, photocells, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and even common light bulbs are transducers.

A method of measuring air infiltration by determining the transfer index between two points. (Also index of exposure to contamination).

Used to isolate line voltage from a circuit or to change voltage and current to lower or higher values. Constructed of primary and secondary windings around a common magnetic core.

Transfer from a ship or transport mode to another one in order to continue the carriage.

Consignment for which the destination point is located in province or consignment which is reforwarded from one location to another sea port.

A device that converts sound, light, or electrical signals into radio, microwave, or other electrical signals of sufficient strength for the purpose of telecommunication.

A device which translates the low-level output of a sensor or transducer to a higher level signal suitable for transmission to a site where it can be further processed.

A receptacle for the collection of undesirable material.

The processing of wastes to reduce volume and/or hazard, after recovery, but before disposal in management hierarchy.

Ancillary boiler components, like water level controls, pressure controls, and temperature controls.

The principal duct supplying air to a building or enclosure.

A legal arrangement in which one person (the settlor) transfers legal title to a trustee (a fiduciary) to manage the property for the benefit of a person or institution (the beneficiaries).

A federal law that addresses the reporting and control of toxic substances, administered by the U.S. EPA.

A measure of the total liquid and solid particulate matter suspended in a gaseous emission.

A hollow cylinder for conveying fluids.

A propeller or disc type wheel within a cylinder and including driving mechanism supports for either belt drive or direct connection.

Turbulence refers the state of a fluid, liquid or gas, in which the speed shows a swirling characteristic in every point: the size of the eddies, their localization and their orientation vary constantly. The turbulent flows are thus characterized by a very disordered appearance, a not easily foreseeable behavior and various spatial and temporal scales. Conversely, the term of laminar refers to a regular flow.

The ratio of the maximum flow rate of a regulation valve to the minimum value. For example, if the maximum flow rate provided by a spray device is 20 gpm and the minimum is 4 gpm, the turndown ratio for that device is 5:1 (the maximum flow rate is 5 times the minimum).

Essentially, on/off operation, or open/closed.