Glossary

The open area which remains when all of the component cracks and purpose provided openings are sealed.

Rotational movement of the output shaft clockwise and counter clockwise, while holding the input shaft stationary. Usually expressed in thousandths of an inch and measured at a specific radius at the output shaft.

Best Available Control Technology: application of latest proven technology to achieve best treatment and control of gaseous emissions and aqueous discharges.

Air of unacceptable quality, containing excessive amounts of contaminant material.

A free hanging acoustical sound-absorbing unit. Normally suspended vertically in a variety of patterns to absorb and therefore reduce reverberation and noise levels. Or an arrangement within a silencer or muffler.

A plate or wall for deflecting gases or liquids.

A device in gas paths utilizing baffles so arranged as to deflect dust particles out of the gas stream.

A device containing one or more cloth bags for recovering particles from the dust laden gas or air which is blown through it.

(1) A method of measuring air infiltration using tracer gas and a two channel pump. One channel dispenses tracer gas from a bag of known volume, the other draws room air into a sample bag. The final concentration of tracer in the room air and the amount of tracer gas used allow one to calculate the average inverse infiltration.

(2) A method of measuring air infiltration by which tracer is discharged into the sample volume and mixed. Sample bags are inflated with room air at intervals and the concentration of tracer measured.

A filter in which the cloth filtering medium is made in the form of cylindrical bags.

An assembly of porous media (fabric filter) which allows gaseous emissions to pass through while retaining solid particulates.

A financial statement showing a company's assets, liabilities and shareholder's equity on a given date. It shows what the company owns and what debts it owes.

Mechanical exhaust-supply ventilation system.

Used when high shaft load (radial or axial thrust load) capacity is required. Ball bearings are usually used in industrial and agricultural motors. Occasionally, roller bearings may be used on larger horsepower motors for maximum radial load capacity.

Minimum rate at which the Central Bank will make short-term advances to the chartered banks and money market dealers. The upward and downward trend of the bank rate affects the prime lending rates that chartered banks give to their most creditworthy borrowers, as well as rates on all types of bank deposits, short term paper, bonds and mortgages.

The legal status of an individual or company which is unable to pay its creditors and whose assets are therefore administered for its creditors by a trustee in bankruptcy.

A device that measures atmospheric pressure.

Atmospheric pressure as determined by a barometer usually expressed in inches of mercury.

A material that when placed around a source of noise inhibits the transmission of that noise beyond the barrier. Also, an environment or any physical thing that interferes with communication or listening.

A market in which prices are declining. A "bear" is a person who expects that the market or the price of a particular security will decline.

Wind force estimated on a scale from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane):

Calm (Force 0 on the Beaufort scale)
Smoke rises vertically.
Wind stagnation pressure: 0 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean:0 m/s. range 0m/s - 0.2 m/s.

Light air (Force 1 on the Beaufort scale)
Direction of wind shown by smoke drift, but not by wind vanes.
Wind stagnation pressure 1.0 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 0.8m/s. range: 0.3 - 1.5 m/s.

Light breeze (Force 2 on the Beaufort scale)
Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, ordinary vane moved by wind.
Wind stagnation pressure 4.0 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 2.4 m/s. range: 1.6 - 3.3 m/s.

Gentle breeze (Force 3 on the Beaufort scale)
Leaves and small twigs in constant motion, wind extends light flag.
Wind stagnation pressure 13 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 4.3m/s. range: 3.4 - 5.4 m/s.

Moderate breeze (Force 4 on the Beaufort scale)
Raises dust and loose paper, small branches moved.
Wind stagnation pressure 32 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 6.7m/s. range: 5.5 - 7.9 m/s.

Fresh breeze (Force 5 on the Beaufort scale)
Small trees in leaf begin to sway, crested wavelets form on inland waters.
Wind stagnation pressure 62 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 9.3 m/s. range: 8.0 - 10.7 m/s.

Strong breeze (Force 6 on the Beaufort scale)
Large branches in motion, whistling heard in telegraph wires, umbrellas used with difficulty.
Wind stagnation pressure 110 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 12.3 m/s. range: 10.8 - 13.8 m/s.

Near gale (Force 7 on the Beaufort scale)
Whole trees in motion, inconvenience felt when walking against the wind.
Wind stagnation pressure 170 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 15.5 m/s. range: 13.9 - 17.1 m/s.

Gale (Force 8 on the Beaufort scale)
Breaks twigs off trees, generally impedes progress.
Wind stagnation pressure 260 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 18.9m/s. range: 17.2 - 20.7m/s.

Strong gale (Force 9 on the Beaufort scale)
Slight structural damage occurs, (chimney pots and slates removed)
Wind stagnation pressure 370 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 22.6 m/s. range: 20.8 - 24.4 m/s.

Storm (Force 10 on the Beaufort scale)
Seldom experienced inland, trees uprooted, considerable structural damage.
Wind stagnation pressure 500 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean:26.4 m/s. range: 24.5 - 28.4 m/s.

Violent storm (Force 11 on the Beaufort scale)
Very rarely experienced, accompanied by widespread damage.
Wind stagnation pressure 670 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: mean: 30.5 m/s. range: 28.5 - 32.6 m/s.

Hurricane (Force 12 on the Beaufort scale)
Wind of extreme violence. As mean wind usually encountered only at sea or on islands and coastal regions, usually confined to the sub tropics. Velocities of this magnitude are frequently encountered in gusts.
Wind stagnation pressure 770 Pa.
10 m. wind speed: range: greater than 32.7 m/s.

Sound unit of measurement.

The real owner of a security. An investor may have securities registered in the name of a broker, trustee or bank to facilitate transfer or to preserve anonymity, but the investor is the beneficial owner and will receive any dividends, interest or profits from sales.

A ledge or bank of earth or rubble used to provide shielding from sound or wind.

Pressure differential arising from the variation of wind velocity with height.

Guarantee common in export financing and intended to prevent companies from tendering a bid and subsequently rejecting the mandate received because the transaction has in the meantime become unattractive, for example. This enables the buyer to protect himself against the tendering of dubious or unqualified bids. Bid bonds are often required for public tenders.

Boilers and Industrial Furnaces.
Often used in two ways : (1) to define combustion units other than incinerators; or (2) to describe a set of EPA regulations promulgated in 1991 governing the emission limits for boilers and industrial furnaces.

Instrument of payment frequently used for business matters. It is a written and unconditional bond or order signed by the exporter obliging the importer to pay a certain amount of money on request or at a precise date. A draft at sight for example requires an immediate payment whereas a usance draft requires the payment within a certain time (from 30 to 180 days).

Document issued by the carrier in which the following information are written down: nature and quantity of the dispatched goods, name of the consigner and name of the consignee, port of loading and unloading. This document is a certificate which will be considered as a contract of transport as well as a receipt of the goods.

Document prepared by a conveyor or a forwarding agent or freight bureau and considered as a receipt of the goods, an evidence of the contract concluded between a conveyor and the exporter and a proof of the ownership certificate. The foreign purchaser needs this document to get the goods.

Maritime transport contract and document accompanied by the manifest, which substantiates the loading of the goods.

BInary SYNchronous Communication.

Flat things that move through the air and create air flow. Sometimes called paddles.

The blade arm is the metal bracket that attaches the blade to the motor.

Blade pitch, measured in degrees, is the angle between the fan's blades and the horizon. Generally, the higher the pitch is, the more air is moved, if RPM's are the same.

A short piece of pipe or tube having one end closed off; commonly used in boiler.

A specially designed, manually operated, valve that connects to the boiler for the purpose of reducing the concentration of solids in the boiler or for draining purposes. (Often called bottom blowdown.)

A valve generally used to continuously regulate concentration of solids in the boiler, not a drain valve. (Often called continuous blowdown.)

A machine for driving a blast of air or a fan used to force air under pressure.

A vaneaxial fan driven by a variable speed motor attached to a large sheet of plywood which is adjusted to fit a doorway in the building to be pressurised.

Boards closely laid over rafters or studs to act as a surface for fixing insulation, cladding, tiles, slates, etc.

A closed vessel in which water is heated, steam is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination thereof, under pressure or vacuum by the application of heat from combustible fuels, electricity or nuclear energy.

An enclosed thermal device in which fuels or secondary materials are combusted and energy in the form of steam, heated fluids, or heated gases is recovered.

The term "boiler efficiency" is often substituted for combustion or thermal efficiency. True boiler efficiency is the measure of fuel-to-steam efficiency.

The evaporation of 34-1/2 lbs of water per hour from a temperature of 212°F into dry saturated steam at the same temperature. Equivalent to 33,475 Btu/hr.

The heating capacity of a boiler expressed in boiler horsepower, Btu/hour, or pounds of steam/hour.

A term construed to mean a representative sample of the circulating boiler water, after the generated steam has been separated and before the incoming feed water or added chemical becomes mixed with it so that its composition is affected.

The conversion of a liquid into vapour with the formation of bubbles.

The boiling of highly alkaline water in boiler pressure parts for the removal of oils, greases, etc.

A Bonded warehouse is a warehouse in which goods on which the duties are unpaid are stored under bond and in the joint custody of the importer, or his agent, and the customs officers. It may be managed by the state or by private enterprise. In the latter case, a customs bond must be posted with the government. This system exists in all developed countries of the world.

A warehouse in which dutiable goods are deposited until duty is paid or the goods are cleared for export.

Low frequency reflections. In small rooms, acoustical panels with air space behind can better help control low frequency reflectivity.

A device for increasing the pressure or flow of a gas.

The actual horsepower required to move air through a ventilation system against a fixed total pressure plus the losses in the fan.

In a junction of two ducts, the branch is the duct with the lowest volume flow rate. The branch usually enters the main at an angle of less than 90.

Term that covers a great variety of goods that must be loaded individually, and not in shipping containers nor in bulk as with oil or grain. Ships that carry this sort of cargo are often called general cargo ships. The term break bulk derives from the phrase breaking bulk — the extraction of a portion of the cargo of a ship or the beginning of the unloading process from the ship's holds. These goods may be in bags, cases, crates, drums, barrels, or they may be kept together by baling or loaded onto pallets.

Loose cargo, such as cartons, stowed directly in the ship's hold as opposed to containerized or bulk cargo.

Having, being, or related to shipments of goods packed in small, separable units.

The level of sales where revenue equals total costs. A break-even point may also be expressed in terms of units of product.

A duct that transports the products of combustion between parts of a steam generating unit or to the stack.

The mean British Thermal Unit is 1/180 of the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 32°F to 212°F at a constant atmospheric pressure. A Btu is essentially 252 calories.

Current conducting material in a DC motor, usually graphite, or a combination of graphite and other materials. The brush rides on the commutator of a motor and forms an electrical connection between the armature and the power source.

British thermal unit.

General: Volume flow rate or airchange rate for a building at specified elevated pressures, used to characterise its leakiness.
Specific: The volumetric flow rate or air change rate for a building at 50 Pa pressurisation with all purpose provided openings sealed.

Shipments which are not packed and not directly loaded into the ship holds. Example of goods which travelling in bulk: ore and mine stone, coal, scrap, cereals, rice, vegetable oil, tallow, fuel oil, fertilizer and all other similar products.

A market in which prices are rising. A "bull" is a person who expects that the market or the price of a particular security will rise.

The force, positive or negative, experienced by a body immersed in a fluid arising from the difference in density between body and fluid and the action of gravity.

A device for the introduction of fuel and air into a furnace at the desired velocities, turbulence and concentration.

A plenum chamber around a burner that maintains an air pressure sufficient for proper distribution and discharge of secondary air.

The air pressure maintained in the windbox or plenum chamber measured above atmospheric pressure.

Consumption of a combustible material, fuel, or waste, that results in the release of light, heat, and products of combustion. The intent of burning may be destructive (i.e., to destroy a waste) or constructive (i.e., to produce energy or a material product).

A passage for a fluid, permitting a portion of the fluid to flow around its normal pass flow channel.